American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB) Practice Exam

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• First-intention healing of wounds, as compared with second-intention healing, is:
• Theobromine toxicity occurs after ingestion of:
• Which instrument is used for removing subgingival plaque?
• The lingual surface of the tooth is closest to the:
• Which statement correctly describes the primary function of a segmented neutrophil?
• Ferrets immunize against which disease?
• How often should a geriatric dog with chronic osteoarthritis be evaluated?
• Using the resting energy requirement formula, what is the RER for a 4 kg cat?
• Which anticoagulant rodenticide has the longest anticoagulant effect?
• A patient has a WBC count of 10,000/µL with 30% monocytes and 70% lymphocytes. What is the absolute monocyte count?
• When prescribing a fentanyl patch for a veterinary patient, owners should be instructed regarding which aspect?
• Which drug is injected sublingually to stimulate breathing of neonates after delivery by cesarean section?
• Which radiographic view is most appropriate for examination of the maxilla?
• After a horse has been sedated with xylazine, the owner should be advised to do what to ensure safety?
• In radiography, what is the first step in all special procedures using contrast media?
• Which component of the gas anesthetic machine allows room air into the system if there is a pressure change?
• During onychectomy, to prevent damage to the radial nerve, the tourniquet should be placed distal to the elbow?
• Which component on an X-ray unit is responsible for maintaining transformer output despite fluctuations in power supply?
• Pulse oximetry is a noninvasive method of measuring:
• In cattle, an increase in fibrinogen relative to other plasma proteins is most likely due to which condition?
• In a rebreathing circuit with an intubated patient, which statement is true?
• Adequate tissue perfusion is best inferred from which clinical sign?
• In the dehydration scenario, which statement correctly reflects the recommended treatment?
• For adult felines, the maintenance energy requirement is calculated as:
• Anesthetized patients should be periodically ventilated to control the development of:
• When collecting blood for a manual WBC differential, which blood tube color is preferred?
• Postpartum cows may experience paralysis due to injury to which nerve?
• For a CBC, the correct term for smaller-than-normal red blood cell size is:
• What is the emergency treatment for cardiac tamponade?
• A cat is presented with suspected feline infectious peritonitis. What would be the expected PCV and TP measurements?
• Gastroscopy is used to visualize which part of the gastrointestinal tract?
• What is the advantage of using a narcotic as a premedication?
• An anesthetized animal is considered recovered when the swallowing reflex has returned and the airway has been extubated.
• The device used to vent waste anesthetic gases away from the patient circuit is the:
• Which instrument is a self-retaining retractor commonly used to expose surgical fields?
• A correct statement regarding the use of a high-speed screen is that it:
• Acepromazine is classified as a/an:
• To avoid bronchial intubation, the beveled end of the endotracheal tube should not extend past the:
• In a four-patient emergency triage scenario, which patient should be seen first?
• At what temperature should fungal cultures typically be incubated?
• Gavage feeding in birds is correctly performed when food is delivered to the crop.
• Which anticoagulant rodenticide depresses clotting factors for 3-4 weeks?
• The term for the removal of the dorsal bony roof of the spinal canal is:
• The final volume after diluting 1 liter of 90% isopropyl alcohol to 70% is approximately how many milliliters?
• Which species requires ear protection when restrained?
• Lead gloves protect the technician primarily from which type of radiation?
• Seizures may result in which of the following pairs of complications?
• In the maxilla radiography example, which tooth would be the center of the beam?
• In the maxilla radiography example, which tooth is the beam centered on?
• Which instrument is used to remove subgingival plaque?
• Sexing of immature mice is commonly determined by:
• Blastomycosis is caused by which organism type?
• The term pediculosis means:
• Which of the following is contraindicated regarding anesthesia in avian patients?
• Which adverse effect is most likely to be observed in a patient receiving phenobarbital for seizure control?
• For horses under anesthesia in lateral recumbency, padding and positioning of the front legs and head is important to prevent which complication?
• Among pre-anesthetic medications, which class is known for antiemetic properties?
• During steam sterilization, which temperature is required for 9-15 minutes?
• In anesthesia using a rebreathing system, which statement is true?
• Approximately how many days is the gestation period in hamsters?
• The effects of dexmedetomidine may be reversed by administering which drug?
• Which species is most prone to laryngospasm during endotracheal intubation?
• The tissue formed by odontoblasts that lies within the tooth and is continually deposited is the:
• Which drug is used to stimulate breathing of neonates after delivery by cesarean section?
• Which of the four compartments of the ruminant stomach is called the 'true stomach'?
• During a pre-admission discussion, what is the best way to confirm that a patient has been fasted ahead of a surgical procedure?
• After parturition, a cow may become partially or totally paralyzed due to paralysis of which nerve?
• Which area must be prepped for a horse requiring a Caslick's operation?
• Removing social interaction from an animal to influence behavior is an example of which type of operant conditioning?
• A palpebral reflex is checked at the:
• Cholestasis, increased osteoblastic activity, or corticosteroid therapy in dogs may cause an increase in which enzyme?
• Mueller-Hinton agar is used primarily to assess what property of bacteria?
• Which statement best describes the mechanism by which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs provide analgesia?
• In sheep, the incisors are located on which aspect?
• When a patient shows dyspnea and cyanosis, which condition should be checked for first?
• Which suture material is most likely to wick fluids and should not be used in a contaminated environment?
• Which species is most sensitive to hyperthermia during physical restraint?
• Which food item is a common source of theobromine toxic to dogs?
• Which process describes the loss of muscle mass when skeletal muscles are not used?
• Which cell type lines the serous membranes of the thoracic cavity, pericardium, and abdominal cavity?
• Which structure lies between the vagina and the body of the uterus?
• Which of the following is a potential adverse effect of narcotics in dogs besides respiratory depression?
• Which structure lies between the vagina and the body of the uterus?
• In equine parasitology, Strongylus vulgaris infections primarily injure which system?
• When dealing with a client in the anger stage of grief from losing their pet, the technician can help by:
• Which of the following suture patterns is considered continuous?
• Which of the following is an appropriate wound lavage solution?
• Mueller-Hinton medium is used for what purpose in veterinary microbiology?
• The California Mastitis Test (CMT) is used to detect:
• During an abdominal exploratory procedure in veterinary surgery, which retractor provides the best visualization of the abdominal cavity?
• Which medication is the drug of choice for treating anaphylaxis?
• In rabbits, which mite is the most likely cause of otoacariasis?
• Which drug is a uterotonic used to manage dystocia?
• A 6-year-old female spayed cat weighs 8 lb. Given the following information, how much should the cat be fed daily? One can contains 578 kcal; maintenance energy requirement is 238 kcal/day.
• The inhalant anesthetic isoflurane has which correct property?
• A patient has a WBC count of 12,000/µL with 25% monocytes and 75% lymphocytes. What is the absolute monocyte count?
• To potentially reduce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in veterinary patients, which measure is recommended?
• An IV bolus of 1-2 mg/lb of 2% lidocaine is used as an emergency drug for which condition?
• Stomatitis refers to inflammation of which structure?
• Which radiographic contrast agent is appropriate to use when GI perforation is suspected?
• The technician should tell the owner that the cost of the clinic's food is:
• Which of the following is a common NSAID side effect?
• Sedation dose for a cat using a 100 mg/mL solution at 11 mg/kg for a 5.91 kg patient would require approximately which volume?
• Endotracheal intubation of the horse is usually performed:
• The artery that passes obliquely over the proximal third of the femur on the medial aspect of the thigh is the:
• Long-acting barbiturates are administered to dogs and cats as:
• Which drug could add to the adverse effects of chocolate toxicity?
• Which instrument is a combination needle holder and scissors?
• Which stage of periodontal disease is described as the most advanced among the listed options?
• Which technique provides atraumatic hemostasis during surgery?
• Malignant hyperthermia susceptibility is highest in which species?
• Constant Rate Infusion (CRI) analgesia is characterized by which feature?
• Which of the following is a self-retaining retractor?
• Which action is appropriate if an animal is hypothermic (less than 35 C/95 F) during anesthesia?
• Which of the following is a common side effect of glucocorticoid use?
• Which of the following is true regarding pain scales?
• Which artery is the primary vessel described as running over the proximal femur along the medial thigh?
• Which is the best option for long-term pain management of hip dysplasia in an 8-year-old golden retriever with Cushing's Disease?
• The neutrophilic segmented cell belongs to the:
• Which agent is a methylxanthine that could worsen chocolate toxicity?
• What is the typical gestation length for a mare?
• A pulse oximeter provides an indirect assessment of which physiologic parameter during anesthesia?
• A correct statement about vaccines: they contain
• Which of the following are adverse effects of NSAIDs?
• Which term should be used to document a feline patient that is unresponsive to all stimuli, including pain?
• Metoclopramide belongs to which class of drugs?
• A radiograph that has been overexposed is:
• For a 9 kg dog with 5% dehydration, the dehydration deficit on day 1 is:
• Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic condition associated with which tapeworm species?
• Which is the common name of the first upper premolar tooth in the horse?
• Which approach is recommended when a client is in the anger stage after the loss of a pet?
• According to the classification system created by the American Veterinary Dental College, which stage is described as gingivitis only, without attachment loss?
• Removal of the dorsal vertebral canal is called:
• The strongest analgesia is achieved by drugs that stimulate which receptor?
• During steam sterilization for 9-15 minutes, the temperature must reach at least:
• Non-living objects contaminated with pathogens are called which term?
• Which term describes the surgical removal of claws in a feline patient?
• Dystocia caused by uterine inertia is commonly treated with:
• In rabbits, which mite is the most common cause of otoacariasis?
• What is the primary advantage of intraoral radiography over extraoral radiography in veterinary dental imaging?
• Which drug is used to promote uterine contractions in a bitch?
• Which of the following is used as the antidote for acetaminophen poisoning in veterinary patients?
• What is the energy content per store-brand cat food can?
• All of the following drug groups produce analgesia except:
• Which monitoring device displays heart rate and rhythm?
• Which surface of the tooth meets the opposite tooth during mastication?
• Which of the following scissors should a surgeon use to cut delicate tissue?
• Ovulation is triggered by which hormone?
• An eosin-nigrosin stain mixture is used in semen analysis to evaluate what parameter?
• The endocrine gland that exerts master control over secretions of other glands?
• Which statement correctly reflects vaccination practices in cats?
• Centrifuging blood with an anticoagulant will separate the cells or formed elements from the:
• Which procedure constitutes proper disposal of a used microbiology plate?
• Which description best matches Giardia trophozoites observed in a direct saline fecal smear?
• Most anesthetic drugs used in ruminants are:
• Which analgesic is commonly administered via a transdermal patch?
• Personal protective equipment should be worn when handling and administering which combination?
• Which surgical approach allows the abdomen to be opened through the linea alba?
• The osmotic pressure of body fluids is primarily maintained by which of the following ions?
• The term hyperpnea refers to an abnormal increase in:
• Culture plates are streaked primarily to accomplish what?
• Which cell type predominates in a sample collected from a purulent inflammatory lesion?
• A vial contains 2,000,000 units. To make a solution containing 200,000 units per milliliter, how many milliliters of diluent are needed?
• Which animal is a common carrier of Salmonella bacteria?
• The average gestation period in a hamster is approximately:
• Hypocalcemia is commonly seen in which group?
• The antidote for acetaminophen poisoning is:
• What is the most likely cause for an increased amount of polychromatic red blood cells on a blood smear?
• After Gram staining, pink appearing bacteria are typically classified as
• Which drug has pharmacologic properties similar to atropine and is used as a preanesthetic anticholinergic?
• The appropriate surgical instrument for harvesting an autogenous bone graft is a/an:
• Which description best characterizes ASA Class III?
• Which bone can be stabilized using a spoon splint?
• What is the primary function of the unidirectional valve in a circle anesthesia breathing system?
• Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure is associated with which condition?
• A metatarsal bone is located in the:
• Which species is prone to laryngospasm during endotracheal intubation?
• A dorsoventral intraoral skull radiograph is indicated for examination of which structure?
• Basophilic stippling of red blood cells is most characteristic of which condition?
• In a circular or semi-closed anesthesia circuit, the reservoir bag size is determined by using which of the following?
• Which drug is a classic barbiturate commonly used for induction anesthesia?
• In a dog discharged with an oral antibiotic for suspected urinary tract infection, which drug is preferred to maintain high urinary concentrations?
• Which statement about instrument care is most correct?
• The working end of a dental hand scaler has which combination?
• Which vein should be accessed for CRT assessment in an avian patient?
• Hypoxemia is defined as a PaO2 in arterial blood that is below which value?
• After Gram staining, any bacterium that looks reddish-pink under the microscope is classified as
• Onychectomy is the surgical removal of which structure?
• Butorphanol tartrate is commonly used as a premedication in dogs and can cause which side effect?
• When radiographing the teeth of a canine, the parallel technique should be used on which teeth?
• In suspected presence of viral enteritis, which of the following would be the agent of choice to disinfect an area?
• For a 24.4 kg dog, a 0.2 mg/kg dose of epinephrine corresponds to approximately how many milliliters of 1:1000 solution?
• Which test classically uses particle agglutination to indicate a positive result?
• In anesthesia breathing systems, the unidirectional valves primarily ensure a circle breathing system.
• In radiography, which parameter is used to increase image density?
• Without refrigeration, chemical analysis of blood samples should be completed within how many hours?
• Which substance is responsible for chocolate poisoning in dogs?
• One characteristic of dissociative anesthesia is:
• Which of the following is a potential complication of seizures?
• A properly placed urinary catheter extends from the tip of the penis or vulva to the:
• Which preanesthetic drug has pharmacologic properties similar to atropine?
• A basket muzzle is often preferred for long-term wear because it allows what?
• For a 20-kg dog that is 5% dehydrated, how much fluid replacement is required?
• When skeletal muscles are not being used, or when they lose their nerve supply, they tend to:
• The most appropriate position to recover cattle from general anesthesia is:
• Rehabilitation therapy can help prevent skeletal muscles from undergoing which condition due to disuse?
• Which diagnostic should detect adult Dirofilaria spp.?
• Which agent reverses alpha-2 agonist sedation in veterinary patients?
• What is the Celsius equivalent of 250°F in the sterilization guideline?
• A veterinarian orders a 10-day supply of antibiotics to be dispensed to the owner of a 50-lb dog. If the dosage is 10 mg/lb (22 mg/kg) of body weight b.i.d., how many 250-mg tablets must be dispensed?
• Enamel points in horses develop on which surfaces?
• Which disease is transmitted via urine and is commonly targeted by vaccination in cattle?
• Hydatid disease parasite is associated with which species?
• Which instrument is commonly described as a needle holder with built-in scissors?
• If a finished radiograph lacks density, which adjustment will correct it?
• The Coggins test is used to detect which equine disease?
• In canine hypovolemic shock, the most important therapy is to administer IV fluids.
• The proper needle placement for a lumbar myelogram is between the:
• In a dog or cat, the spleen is located on which side and region?
• In equine handling, the point of balance is located near which body region?
• The major lesion associated with infections of horses by Strongylus vulgaris is injury to the:
• Which animal is commonly associated with Salmonella contamination in veterinary settings?
• Which formula expresses Resting Energy Requirement (RER) for a cat?
• In an anesthetized patient, hypocarbia (hypocapnia) could be attributed to:
• For a 20 lb (9 kg) animal with 5% dehydration and a daily maintenance requirement of 60 mL/kg, what volume would be administered on the first day?
• Which of the following lists the heart valves in the correct order?
• A pulse oximeter will help an anesthetist:
• Horses develop enamel points on which surfaces of the teeth?
• Increased duration or intensity of intraoperative pain is often evidenced by which indicator?
• A 12-lb cat is 6% dehydrated. To correct the dehydration within 8 hours using a 60-drop/mL infusion set, what is the drip rate in drops per second?
• Bordetella vaccination in dogs is given to prevent which condition?
• What is the maximum volume of blood that can be safely collected from a healthy 950 gm macaw?
• During steam sterilization for 9-15 minutes, which temperature is required?
• Dehydrated animals will most likely have which laboratory finding?
• Which drug category is used as the antitussive in veterinary medicine?
• The benefit of selective COX-2 inhibitors in treating inflammation is they:
• Which component on a standard X-ray machine adjusts the transformer output to compensate for fluctuations in electrical supply?
• Which procedure is used to prevent gastric torsion in large, deep-chested dog breeds?
• Which of the following is the most likely source of bovine viral diarrhea in a herd of cattle?
• What is the best site to administer intramuscular injections to swine?
• Gavage feeding in birds is correctly performed when food is delivered to the:
• On a Gram-stained smear, Streptococcus equi organisms appear as which morphology?
• Which body system is most commonly affected by NSAIDs' adverse effects?
• The Coggins test is used to detect which disease in horses?
• What is the best route for administering drugs during CPR?
• Which NSAID is included in the multimodal pain management example?
• Withdrawal time for antibiotics in food animals is the period of time between the last dose and when the animal may be slaughtered for food or its products.
• Anemia due to lack of iron and chronic blood loss are classified as which combination of red blood cell characteristics?
• In canine dental radiography, which technique minimizes distortion when imaging the mandibular teeth?
• Which radiographic contrast media is contraindicated for use in patients with a suspected GI perforation?
• The correct order for the steps in the pain pathway is
• In a clinic staffed by one veterinarian and one veterinary technician, which order should the veterinarian see the four patients?
• Specimens used for antimicrobial sensitivity testing should be cultured on which medium?
• Among the sutures listed, which has the largest diameter?
• Which of the following is used primarily to vent waste gasses?
• Which of the following will absorb the fewest X-rays?
• In equine dentition, which group is most likely to lack canine teeth?
• For a midline ovariohysterectomy, the patient is positioned in which recumbency?
• What is the recommended method for verifying the accuracy of blood chemistry analyses in a small, in-house laboratory?
• Which drug would most likely reduce the analgesic effect of fentanyl when used concurrently?
• When NSAIDs are being dispensed, clients should be advised that potential side effects include which of the following?
• Sedation ordered for a 13-lb (5.91 kg) cat at 11 mg/kg is supplied as a liquid with a concentration of 100 mg/mL. What volume is needed for this patient?
• Which hormone surge triggers ovulation?
• Which forceps do veterinary surgeons most often use to aid in suturing?
• Which species has continuously erupting incisor teeth?
• Which of the following drug classes decreases oral secretions and increases heart rate prior to anesthesia?
• Splinting is most commonly associated with pain in which region?
• Which zoonotic disease is commonly vaccinated against in cattle to prevent infection transmitted via urine?
• Ivermectin is classified as which type of agent?
• The daily maintenance energy requirement (kcal) for a 4 kg cat is:
• The most significant adverse effect of opioids is which of the following?
• The correct names of the four valves of the heart are:
• Which is the most probable complication of endotracheal cuff overinflation during lengthy anesthesia?
• Splinting is a clinical sign of:
• In thoracic surgery, which instrument is commonly used to expose the heart by retracting lung tissue?
• A vial contains 2,000,000 units. To make a solution with 400,000 units per milliliter, how many milliliters of diluent are needed?
• Large quantities of calcium carbonate crystals, which cause the urine to be viscous and opaque, are normally present in the urine of a:
• The Bordetella vaccine in dogs is intended to prevent which respiratory condition?
• Onychectomy is the surgical removal of:
• A veterinary technician should consider an anesthetized animal recovered when the:
• Mueller-Hinton agar is used primarily for which type of laboratory testing?
• Overinflation of an endotracheal tube cuff in an anesthetized animal may result in
• Isopropyl alcohol is most effective as a germicidal agent when used in an aqueous solution at which concentration?
• If a horse is given 825 mL of a 10% guaifenesin solution, how many grams of guaifenesin are administered?
• In veterinary radiography, which gas is commonly used as a contrast medium alongside iodine and barium sulfate?
• What is the primary function of the segmented neutrophil?
• In horses, gestation falls in which range?
• Which forceps clamp blood vessels to control hemorrhage during a surgical procedure?
• The most appropriate way for a small, in-house laboratory to check the accuracy of its blood chemistry analyses is to periodically:
• Which statement about respiratory status in anesthetized patients is most accurate?
• In sheep, which option best describes the location of the incisors?
• Which statement about cystocentesis is true?
• Which tooth is the Wolf tooth in horses?
• During anesthesia, periodic positive-pressure ventilation primarily serves to:
• What is the fibrous cord of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone called?
• What is the primary pharmacologic advantage of combining penicillin G with benzathine as an injectable formulation?
• For diagnosing Psoroptes ovis, which test is commonly employed?
• During an anaphylactic reaction after vaccination, which medication is the first-line agent to reverse shock?
• Which organism is a Gram-positive spore-forming rod commonly associated with gas gangrene?
• A urine sample collected from a dog with a urinary tract infection caused by urease-producing bacteria is most likely to have which pH?
• The primary reason for administering 1-2 positive-pressure ventilations during anesthesia is to:
• When radiographs are ordered to investigate a suspected fracture of the left olecranon in a canine patient, the technician should radiograph the left:
• Which Fahrenheit value corresponds to the minimum steam sterilization temperature?
• The level of waste anesthetic gas is most influenced by:
• Which procedure is used to visualize the stomach to see if a suspected foreign body is present?
• Lipase is a pancreatic enzyme that:
• In a direct saline fecal smear, observation of a motile, flagellate, binucleate trophozoite is indicative of which organism?
• The tip of the tooth root is called the:
• In the nursing care for a hospitalized paralyzed animal, it is highly important to check for:
• In horses, where is the point of balance located?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between the antibiotic dose and body weight for a 50-lb dog given 10 mg/lb twice daily for 10 days with 250 mg tablets?
• Which statement about anesthetic drug use in ruminants is true?
• During a manufacturing shortage of Dichlorvos, which drug could be substituted in the same class?
• An adult horse under anesthesia has a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, nystagmus, and a mean arterial blood pressure of 100 mm Hg. This patient’s anesthetic depth is:
• Which pre-anesthetic medication group has antiemetic properties?
• In cattle, an increase in fibrinogen relative to the other plasma proteins is most likely due to:
• Localized heat therapy as part of pain management:
• The most profound adverse effect of opioid analgesics is which of the following?
• Which drug, when given intravenously, is used to treat ventricular arrhythmias in emergency veterinary care?
• During inhalation anesthesia, if respiratory arrest occurs, what is the first action a clinician should take?
• In radiographic terminology, to which of the following does the term density refer?
• Which drug could substitute for Dichlorvos during a shortage?
• Which of the following statements about ferret vaccination is true?
• In a caudocranial radiograph of the feline stifle, which boundary defines the distal limit?
• Recommendations to prevent transmission of Borrelia species to pets and owners should include:
• Mandibular molars are commonly radiographed using which technique?
• Pediculosis refers to infestation by which organism?
• Which conversion is most accurate?
• The parallel technique for canine radiographs is associated with imaging which set of teeth?
• In urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria, the urine tends to be alkaline.
• Which condition is the most common cause of severe acute lameness in horses?
• Which species commonly requires ear protection during restraint due to risk of ear injury?
• Blastomycosis is caused by which type of organism?
• Exodontic therapy should be recommended for which of the following conditions?
• Which is a common adverse effect of narcotics in dogs?
• Where would the beam be centered when radiographing a ventral dorsal open-mouth oblique view of the maxilla?
• Which nerve block provides analgesia for horn removal in cattle?
• If the concentration of available trimethoprim-sulfadiazine solution is 50 mg/mL, and the veterinary technician has been directed to administer 20 mg to a 9 lb (4.1-kg) cat, what volume of the drug, in milliliters, is needed?
• Which endocrine gland exerts master control over the secretions of the other endocrine glands?
• Which instrument is used to provide wide exposure of the abdominal wall during laparotomy?
• Which of the following describes the noninvasive method used to measure arterial oxygen saturation?
• Inanimate objects contaminated with pathogens are called which term?
• Hypocalcemia is commonly seen in:
• In feline nutrition, gestation energy requirement is calculated as:
• Which term should be recorded for a cat that is unresponsive to all stimuli including pain?
• Prolonged prothrombin time (PT) or partial thromboplastin time (PTT) indicates a problem with which aspect of hemostasis?
• A rising antibody titer in paired serum samples taken 2 weeks apart indicates
• The standard culture medium used for bacterial sensitivity testing is which of the following?
• Which set of signs would indicate that anesthetic depth is not sufficient for surgery when evaluating a horse with limited intraoperative information?
• Which of the following areas should be shaved for an exploratory laparotomy?
• An administration set labeled '1 mL = approximately 60 drops' is being used for parenteral fluids at 500 mL/hr. What is the appropriate drip rate?
• Psoroptes ovis is generally diagnosed using which method?
• Where is the canine cervix located?
• Calculate the volume of 1:1000 epinephrine needed for a 24.4 kg dog to deliver 0.2 mg/kg.
• Which zoonotic disease could be contracted through improper handling of urine samples?
• Salter-Harris fractures involve injury to which anatomical structure?
• Which observation would indicate a positive agglutination reaction?
• Creeping eruption is usually caused by the larvae of which parasites?
• Which statement about Constant Rate Infusion analgesia is true?
• The canine teeth of horses are:
• When taking a caudocranial radiograph of the feline stifle, the distal boundary is the:
• Which statement accurately describes the effect of preanesthetic anticholinergic drugs?
• In semen analysis, which staining technique is used to assess the live-to-dead sperm ratio?
• Which x-ray grid will require the highest mA-s setting?
• How much water is needed to dilute 1 liter of 90% isopropyl alcohol to make a 70% alcohol solution?
• Which combination demonstrates multimodal pain management as described?
• If a thoracic radiograph taken at 80 kVp and 10 mAs is excessively dark, which retake settings should be used?
• During a canine dental prophylaxis, assessment of gingival sulcus depth is performed with which instrument?
• Which antimicrobial could induce seizures in an epileptic animal?
• Which of the following hormone concentration changes is consistent with an uncontrolled hyperthyroid cat?
• In a purulent lesion sample, which cell type would you expect in the greatest numbers?
• Which artery travels obliquely over the proximal femur on the medial thigh?
• Which exposure factor primarily controls the quantity of x-rays produced?
• Arterial blood gas results may be erroneous if the sample is:
• Which factor does not increase radiographic density?
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs exert their clinical analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects mainly by which mechanism?
• What is an advantage of regional anesthesia in dentistry?
• Which reproductive drug class is potentially dangerous to pregnant females?
• Which description correctly identifies the type of contrast desired for abdominal radiographs and how to achieve it?
• NSAID administration is appropriate for which of the following patients?
• For an onychectomy, placing a tourniquet distal to the elbow helps protect which nerve?
• If a fentanyl transdermal patch is being used to deliver long term analgesia, which of the following would inhibit the analgesic effect?
• A decrease in RBC size observed during a CBC is called:
• Which collection technique will provide a urine sample free of contaminants for bacterial culture?
• A dorsoventral intraoral skull radiograph is indicated for examination of which structure?
• During surgery, which method provides atraumatic hemostasis?
• When discharging a patient that is wearing a fentanyl patch, instructions to the owners should include:
• Which area is shaved for an exploratory laparotomy?
• With regard to analgesic properties, which of the following is most similar to morphine?
• Which route is preferred for rapid drug administration during CPR?
• Which fracture type commonly affects young, growing animals and can result in limb deformities?
• The drug melarsomine (Immiticide) is used to kill:
• A vial containing 1 gram of medication has to be reconstituted to a 2.5% solution (w/v). What volume of diluent is needed and what concentration will result?
• During radiographic procedures, lead gloves primarily protect against which form of radiation?
• Which combination listed below is an example of multimodal pain management?
• Which of the following is associated with left-sided heart failure?
• Cattle are commonly vaccinated against which zoonotic disease, which can be spread by the urine of deer and rats?
• Which parasite requires an intermediate host to complete its life cycle?
• In the anesthetized, healthy patient, which abnormality is most commonly encountered?
• In radiographic terms, density is best defined as which of the following?
• A parasympatholytic drug would produce which of the following effects?
• Which of the following could be seen in a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis?
• How many grams of sodium chloride should be dissolved in 1.5 L of water to make a 12% solution?
• In a surgical setting, which instrument is best suited for delicate tissue dissection?
• Which drug category is used to suppress coughing in animals?
• Which class of reproductive drugs can be potentially dangerous to pregnant females?
• Which of the following is a Gram-positive spore-forming rod?
• In radiography, increasing the grid ratio demands what change in exposure (mA-s)?
• Respiratory acidosis occurs when the lungs cannot remove enough of which gas?
• Permanent incisors of the dog erupt at the age of:
• In an anesthetized animal, pale-gray mucous membranes are indicative of:
• Which type of immunoassay typically results in visible clumping of particles?
• Which bacterial disease is spread by contaminated humans or objects and is easily transmitted between horses?
• Which nerve block is appropriate for providing analgesia during dehorning in cattle?
• Which statement about reservoir bag sizing is true?
• To administer a 5 mg/kg IM dose to a 40 g parakeet using a 1:10 dilution of 2.27% enrofloxacin, which volume is required?
• Which of the following is an example of multimodal pain management?
• A patient shows the following characteristics: brisk corneal reflex, brisk palpebral reflex, lateral nystagmus present, unstimulated blinking present, eyeball rotation centered, tearing present. How would this patient's plane of anesthesia be characterized?
• What cells line the thoracic, pericardial, and abdominal cavities?
• Which diagnostic test is not appropriate for detecting adult Dirofilaria infections?
• Which receptor subtype is most closely associated with strong opioid analgesia?
• Which parasite requires an intermediate host to complete its life cycle?
• The part of the mature tooth that is continuously deposited throughout life by odontoblasts is the:
• In avian anesthesia, which technique is considered contraindicated?
• Which active ingredient controls flea populations by breaking the life cycle at the egg stage?
• Malignant hyperthermia is most common in which species?
• The tip of the tooth root is called which?
• In the dehydration/infusion problem, which unit is used to express the drip rate?
• If a 4 kg cat's daily maintenance is 220 kcal, what is the maintenance energy per kilogram?
• Which intestinal protozoan is commonly found in ruminants?
• What is the suffix used when a procedure involves surgical creation of an artificial opening?
• Which solution is contraindicated as a surgical prep if electrocautery is being used during the procedure?
• Unused media intended for microbiology purposes should be stored where?
• The primary reason vasoconstrictors are added to local anesthetics is to
• Which disease is caused by protozoa?
• Which vein is preferred for routine blood collection in healthy medium to large pet birds?
• Which statement best describes the infection route for Pearsonema plica in dogs?
• Which tooth is known as the Wolf tooth in horses?
• Which of the following retractors is most appropriate for use on the lung lobes to improve access to the heart?
• Which instrument should be used to remove subgingival calculus?
• Butorphanol tartrate has been prescribed for a Pomeranian with a collapsed trachea. The client should be cautioned that a common side effect of this drug is:
• Abdominal distention caused by fluid accumulation is commonly known as:
• A cat weighs 9 pounds. What is its weight in kilograms?